- Additional Authors
- Description
- 86 p.; 21 x 29.7cm.
- Summary
- This paper looks at how the income distribution in countries changes when the value of publicly-provided services to households is included. We consider five major categories of public services: education, health care, social housing, childcare and elderly care. On average across OECD countries, spending on these "in-kind" benefits accounts for about 13% of GDP, slightly more than the spending on cash transfers – but with considerable cross-country variation. Broadening the income concept to account for in-kind benefits considerably increases households' economic resources: in a typical OECD country, the average annual household income would be close to USD 28 000, rather than USD 22 000 in purchasing power parities. But public services also contribute to reducing income inequality, by between one-fifth and one-third depending on the inequality measure. Mexico and, according to most inequality measures, the United States, Portugal, Ireland, and the United Kingdom record higher reduction rates, while Slovenia records lower ones. Across all countries, redistributive effects are stronger among specific population groups at higher risk of poverty. Between 2000 and 2007, the redistributive impact of public services remained stable overall. However, the impact became stronger in countries where the share of services in household income increased significantly, while it weakened in those countries where this share decreased. The paper suggests that publicly provided services fulfil an important direct redistributive role in OECD countries.
- Series Statement
- OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, 1815-199X ; no.130
- Uniform Title
- OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, no.130.
- Subject
- LCCN
- 10.1787/5k9h363c5szq-en
- OCLC
- oecd-lib-000871
- Author
Verbist, Gerlinde.
- Title
The Impact of Publicly Provided Services on the Distribution of Resources [electronic resource]: Review of New Results and Methods / Gerlinde Verbist, Michael Förster and Maria Vaalavuo
- Imprint
Paris : OECD Publishing, 2012.
- Series
OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, 1815-199X ; no.130
OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, 1815-199X ; no.130.
- Connect to:
- Indexed Term
Social Issues/Migration/Health
Employment
- Added Author
Förster, Michael.
Vaalavuo, Maria.
- Other Standard Identifier
10.1787/5k9h363c5szq-en doi