The legacy of Kars and Ani / Richard G. Hovannisian -- The historical geography of Ani and Kars / Robert H. Hewsen -- The emergence of the Bagratuni kingdoms of Kars and Ani / Tim Greenwood -- Medieval chroniclers of Ani : Hovhannes, Samvel, and Mkhitar / Robert W. Thomson -- Vardan Anetsi's poem on the divine chariot and the four living creatures, tenth-eleventh centuries / Theo Maarten van Lint -- The architect Trdat : from the Great Church at Ani to the Great Church at Constantinople / Christina Maranci -- Encircled by time : the Church of the Savior / Diane Favro -- Ani after Ani, eleventh to seventeenth century / Claude Mutafian -- Trade, administration, and cities on the plateau of Kars and Ani, thirteenth to sixteenth century / Thomas A. Sinclair -- Kars in the Russo-Turkish wars of the nineteenth century / Christopher J. Walker -- The Kars Oblast', 1878-1918 / Ashot A. Melkonyan -- Kars in the Armenian liberation movement / Rubina Peroomian -- The contest for Kars, 1914-1921 / Richard G. Hovannisian -- Charents : mourning the loss of Kars / Vartan Matiossian -- G.I. Gurdjieff's spiritual quest in Kars and Ani / David Stephen Calonne -- The Armenian Molokans of Karakala / Joyce Keosababian Bivin -- Kars-Ardahan and Soviet Armenian irredentism, 1945-1946 / Robert O. Krikorian.