Research Catalog

Title

Information visualization : perception for design / Colin Ware.

Author

Ware, Colin

Publication

Waltham, MA : Morgan Kaufmann, ©2013.

Items in the Library & Off-site

Holdings

Details

Description

xx, 512 pages : illustrations (some color); 25 cm.

Summary

"This is a book about what the science of perception can tell us about visualization. There is a gold mine of information about how we see to be found in more than a century of work by vision researchers. The purpose of this book is to extract from that large body of research literature those design principles that apply to displaying information effectively"--

Series Statement

Interactive technologies

Subject

• Visual perception
• Visualization
• Information visualization
• Visual Perception
• Thinking
• Electronic Data Processing
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
• Data Display
• Computer Graphics

Note

• Machine generated contents note: Chapter 1. Foundations for an Applied Science of Data Visualization Chapter 2. The Environment, Optics, Resolution, and the Display Chapter 3. Lightness, Brightness, Contrast and Constancy Chapter 4. Color Chapter 5. Visual Salience and Finding Information Chapter 6. Static and Moving Patterns Chapter 7. Space Perception Chapter 8. Visual Objects and Data Objects Chapter 9. Images, Narrative, and Gestures for Explanation Chapter 10. Interacting with Visualizations Chapter 11. Visual Thinking Processes.

Bibliography (note)

• Includes bibliographical references and index.

Processing Action (note)

• committed to retain

Contents

• Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Foundations for an Applied Science of Data Visualization -- Visualization Stages -- Experimental Semiotics Based on Perception -- Semiotics of Graphics -- Are Pictures Arbitrary? -- Sensory versus Arbitrary Symbols -- Properties of Sensory Representation -- Testing Claims about Sensory Representations -- Representations That Are Arbitrary -- The Study of Arbitrary Conventional Symbols -- Gibson's Affordance Theory -- A Model of Perceptual Processing -- Stage 1 Parallel Processing to Extract Low-Level Properties of the Visual Scene -- Stage 2 Pattern Perception -- Stage 3 Visual Working Memory -- Attention -- Costs and Benefits of Visualization -- Types of Data -- Entities -- Relationships -- Attributes of Entities or Relationships -- Data Dimensions: 1D, 2D, 3D ... -- Types of Numbers -- Uncertainty -- Operations Considered as Data -- Metadata -- Conclusion -- ch. 2 The Environment, Optics, Resolution, and the Display -- The Environment --^
• Visible Light -- Ecological Optics -- Optical Flow -- Textured Surfaces and Texture Gradients -- The Paint Model of Surfaces -- The Eye -- The Visual Angle Defined -- Lens -- Optics and Augmented-Reality Systems -- Optics in Virtual-Reality Displays -- Chromatic Aberration -- Receptors -- Simple Acuities -- Acuity Distribution and the Visual Field -- Brain Pixels and the Optimal Screen -- Spatial Contrast Sensitivity Function -- Visual Stress -- The Optimal Display -- Aliasing -- Number of Dots -- Superacuities and Displays -- Temporal Requirements of the Perfect Display -- Conclusion -- ch. 3 Lightness, Brightness, Contrast, and Constancy -- Neurons, Receptive Fields, and Brightness Illusions -- Simultaneous Brightness Contrast -- Mach Bands -- The Chevreul Illusion -- Simultaneous Contrast and Errors in Reading Maps -- Contrast Effects and Artifacts in Computer Graphics -- Edge Enhancement -- Luminance, Brightness, Lightness, and Gamma -- Constancies -- Luminance --^
• Displaying Details -- Brightness -- Monitor Gamma -- Adaptation, Contrast, and Lightness Constancy -- Contrast and Constancy -- Contrast on Paper and on Screen -- Perception of Surface Lightness -- Lightness Differences and the Gray Scale -- Contrast Crispening -- Monitor Illumination and Monitor Surrounds -- Conclusion -- ch. 4 Color -- Trichromacy Theory -- Color Blindness -- Color Measurement -- Change of Primaries -- Chromaticity Coordinates -- Color Differences and Uniform Color Spaces -- Opponent Process Theory -- Naming -- Cross-Cultural Naming -- Unique Hues -- Neurophysiology -- Categorical Colors -- Properties of Color Channels -- Spatial Sensitivity -- Stereoscopic Depth -- Motion Sensitivity -- Form -- Color Appearance -- Monitor Surrounds -- Color Constancy -- Color Contrast -- Saturation -- Brown -- Applications of Color in Visualization -- Application 1 Color Specification Interfaces and Color Spaces -- Color Spaces -- Color Naming Systems -- Color Palettes --^
• Application 2 Color for Labeling (Nominal Codes) -- Application 3 Color Sequences for Data Maps -- Form and Quantity -- Interval Pseudocolor Sequences -- Ratio Pseudocolors -- Sequences for the Color Blind -- Bivariate Color Sequences -- Application 4 Color Reproduction -- Conclusion -- ch. 5 Visual Salience and Finding Information -- Eye Movements -- Accommodation -- The Eye Movement Control Loop -- V1, Channels, and Tuned Receptors -- The Elements of Form -- The Gabor Model and Visual Distinctness -- A Differencing Mechanism for Fine Discrimination -- Feature Maps, Channels, and Lessons for Visual Search -- Preattentive Processing and Ease of Search -- Attention and Expectations -- Highlighting and Asymmetries -- Coding with Combinations of Features -- Coding with Redundant Properties -- What Is Not Easily Findable: Conjunctions of Features -- Highlighting Two Data Dimensions: Conjunctions That Can Be Seen -- Integral and Separable Dimensions: Glyph Design --^
• Restricted Classification Tasks -- Speeded Classification Tasks -- Integral -- Separable Dimension Pairs -- Representing Quantity -- Representing Absolute Quantities -- Multidimensional Discrete Data: Uniform Representation versus Multiple Channels -- Stars and Whiskers -- The Searchlight Metaphor and Cortical Magnification -- Useful Field of View -- Tunnel Vision, Stress, and Cognitive Load -- The Role of Motion in Attracting Attention -- Motion as a User Interrupt -- Conclusion -- ch. 6 Static and Moving Patterns -- Gestalt Laws -- Proximity -- Similarity -- Connectedness -- Continuity -- Symmetry -- Closure and Common Region -- Figure and Ground -- More on Contours -- Representing Vector Fields: Perceiving Orientation and Direction -- Comparing 2D Flow Visualization Techniques -- Showing Direction -- Texture: Theory and Data Mapping -- Tradeoffs in Information Density: An Uncertainty Principle -- Primary Perceptual Dimensions of Texture -- Texture Contrast Effects --^
• Other Dimensions of Visual Texture -- Nominal Texture Codes -- Using Textures for Univariate and Multivariate Map Displays -- Quantitative Texture Sequences -- Perception of Transparency: Overlapping Data -- Perceiving Patterns in Multidimensional Discrete Data -- Pattern Learning -- Priming -- Vigilance -- The Visual Grammar of Node -- Link Diagrams -- The Visual Grammar of Maps -- Patterns in Motion -- Form and Contour in Motion -- Moving Frames -- Expressive Motion -- Perception of Causality -- Perception of Animated Motion -- Enriching Diagrams with Simple Animation -- The Processes of Pattern Finding -- ch. 7 Space Perception -- Depth Cue Theory -- Perspective Cues -- The Duality of Depth Perception in Pictures -- Pictures Seen from the Wrong Viewpoint -- Occlusion -- Shape-from-Shading -- Shading Models -- Cushion Maps -- Surface Texture -- Cast Shadows -- Distance Based on Familiar Size -- Depth of Focus -- Eye Accommodation -- Structure-from-Motion -- Eye Convergence --^
• Stereoscopic Depth -- Problems with Stereoscopic Displays -- Frame Cancellation -- The Vergence -- Focus Problem -- Distant Objects -- Making Effective Stereoscopic Displays -- Cyclopean Scale -- Virtual Eye Separation -- Artificial Spatial Cues -- Depth Cues in Combination -- Task-Based Space Perception -- Tracing Data Paths in 3D Graphs -- Judging the Morphology of Surfaces -- Conformal Textures -- Guidelines for Displaying Surfaces -- Bivariate Maps -- Lighting and Surface Color -- Patterns of Points in 3D Space -- Perceiving Patterns in 3D Trajectories -- Judging Relative Positions of Objects in Space -- Judging the Relative Movements of Self within the Environment -- Selecting and Positioning Objects in 3D -- Judging the "Up" Direction -- The Aesthetic Impression of 3D Space (Presence) -- Conclusion -- ch. 8 Visual Objects and Data Objects -- Image-Based Object Recognition -- Priming -- Searching an Image Database -- Life Logging -- Structure-Based Object Recognition --^
• Geon Theory -- Silhouettes -- The Object Display and Object-Based Diagrams -- The Geon Diagram -- Faces -- Coding Words and Images -- Mental Images -- Labels and Concepts -- Object Categorization -- Canonical Views and Object Recognition -- Concept Mapping -- Concept Maps and Mind Maps -- Iconic Images versus Words versus Abstract Symbols -- Static Links -- Scenes and Scene Gist -- Priming, Categorization, and Trace Theory -- Conclusion -- ch. 9 Images, Narrative, and Gestures for Explanation -- The Nature of Language -- Sign Language -- Language Is Dynamic and Distributed over Time -- Is Visual Programming a Good Idea? -- Images versus Sentences and Paragraphs -- Links between Images and Words -- Integrating Visual and Verbal and the Narrative Thread -- Linking Text with Graphical Elements of Diagrams -- Gestures as Linking Devices in Verbal Presentations -- Deixis -- Symbolic Gestures -- Expressive Gestures -- Animated versus Static Presentations -- Visual Narrative --^
• Animated Images -- Conclusion -- ch. 10 Interacting with Visualizations -- Data Selection and Manipulation Loop -- Choice Reaction Time -- Two-Dimensional Positioning and Selection -- Hover Queries -- Path Tracing -- Two-Handed Interaction -- Learning -- Control Compatibility -- Exploration and Navigation Loop -- Locomotion and Viewpoint Control -- Spatial Navigation Metaphors -- Wayfinding, Cognitive Maps and Real Maps -- Landmarks, Borders, and Place -- Frames of Reference -- Egocentric Frame of Reference -- Exocentric Frames of Reference -- Map Orientation -- Focus, Context and Scale in Nonmetaphoric Interfaces -- Distortion Techniques -- Rapid Zooming Techniques -- Elision Techniques -- Multiple Simultaneous Views -- Conclusion -- ch. 11 Visual Thinking Processes -- The Cognitive System -- Memory and Attention -- Working Memories -- Visual Working Memory Capacity -- Change Blindness -- Spatial Information -- Attention -- Object Files, Coherence Fields, and Gist --^
• Long-Term Memory -- Chunks and Concepts -- Knowledge Formation and Creative Thinking -- Knowledge Transfer -- Visualizations and Mental Images -- Review of Visual Cognitive System Components -- Early Visual Processing -- Pattern Perception -- Eye Movements -- The Intrasaccadic Scanning Loop -- Working Memory -- Mental Imagery -- Epistemic Actions -- Visual Queries -- Computational Data Mappings -- Visual Thinking Algorithms -- Algorithm 1 Visual Queries -- Algorithm 2 Pathfinding on a Map or Diagram -- Visual Query Construction -- The Pattern-Finding Loop -- Algorithm 3 Reasoning with a Hybrid of a Visual Display and Mental Imagery -- Algorithm 4 Design Sketching -- Algorithm 5 Brushing -- Algorithm 6 Small Pattern Comparisons in a Large Information Space -- Algorithm 7 Degree-of-Relevance Highlighting -- Algorithm 8 Generalized Fisheye Views -- Algorithm 9 Multidimensional Dynamic Queries with Scatter Plot -- Algorithm 10 Visual Monitoring Strategies -- Conclusion --^
• Appendix A Changing Primaries -- Appendix B CIE Color Measurement System.
• Note continued: Appendix C The Perceptual Evaluation of Visualization Techniques and Systems -- Research Goals -- Psychophysics -- Detection Methods -- Method of Adjustment -- Cognitive Psychology -- Structural Analysis -- Testbench Applications for Discovery -- Structured Interviews -- Rating Scales -- Statistical Exploration -- Principal Components Analysis -- Multidimensional Scaling -- Clustering -- Multiple Regression -- Cross-Cultural Studies -- Child Studies -- Practical Problems in Conducting User Studies -- Experimenter Bias -- How Many Subjects to Use? -- Combinatorial Explosion -- Task Identification -- Controls -- Getting Help -- Appendix D Guidelines.

ISBN

• 9780123814647 (hardback)
• 0123814642 (hardback)

LCCN

^^2012009489

OCLC

779244298

Owning Institutions

Harvard Library