Research Catalog

Title

Genetically modified and non-genetically modified food supply chains : co-existence and traceability / edited by Yves Bertheau, Research Director, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), France.

Publication

Chichester, West Sussex, UK ; Ames, Iowa, USA : Wiley-Blackwell, 2013, ©2013.

Items in the Library & Off-site

Details

Additional Authors

Bertheau, Yves

Description

xix, 664 pages : illustrations (some color); 26 cm.

Summary

"In the European Union nations, and other countries including Japan, Australia and Malaysia, it is a legal requirement that food products containing genetically modified organism (GMO) materials are labelled as such in order that customers may make informed purchasing decisions. For manufacturers and consumers to be confident about these assertions, systems must be in place along the entire food chain which support the co-existence of GM and non GM materials whilst maintaining a strict segregation between the two. This book is an output of a European Union-funded project entitled "Co-Extra: GM and non-GM food and feed supply chains: their Co-Existence and Traceability". The objective of this four year project is to provide practical tools and methods for implementing co-existence that will: enable the co-existence of genetically modified (GM) and non-GM crops, enable the segregation and tracing of genetically modified organism (GMO) materials and derived products along the food and feed chains, anticipate the future expansion of the use of GMOs. The project is designed to foster a robustly science-based debate amongst all of the stakeholders involved in the food and feed chains, and the tools will be assessed not only from a technical point of view but with regard to the economic and legal aspects. It also surveys the GMO-related legal regimes and practices that exist in and beyond the EU. This book examines the practical tools and methods available to implement the co-existence and traceability of GM and non-GM food materials along the entire food and feed chains, as demanded by consumers and by legislation in force in the EU and elsewhere. GM and Non-GM Supply Foods is a source of valuable information for food manufacturers, food research institutions and regulatory bodies internationally"--

Subject

• Food Safety
• Food Supply
• Food, Genetically Modified
• Genetically modified foods
• Food supply
• TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Food Science

Bibliography (note)

• Includes bibliographical references and index.

Processing Action (note)

• committed to retain

Contents

• Machine generated contents note: pt. 1 Introduction -- 1. Introduction to the GM and Non-GM Supply Chain Co-Existence and Traceability / J. Davison -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. GMO Development -- 1.3. Opinions and Attitudes of European Citizens and Consumers -- 1.4. Different Regulatory Frames and Risk Perception -- 1.5. European Traceability and Co-Existence Frames -- 1.6. Other Issues -- 1.7. Conclusion -- References -- pt. 2 Managing Gene Flow -- 2. Contributions of Pollen and Seed to Impurity in Crops -- A Comparison of Maize, Oilseed Rape and Beet / A. Messean -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Maize -- 2.3. Oilseed Rape -- 2.4. Beet -- 2.5. Comparison of Species Based on Plant Traits -- References -- 3. Co-Existence Issues of GM Sugar Beet / H. Darmency -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Sugar Beet in the World -- 3.3. Overview of Sugar Beet Biology and Agronomy -- 3.4. Pre-cultivation Co-existence Issues -- 3.5. Consequences of Co-existence for the Cropping System in a Region -- 3.6. Consequences of Co-existence for the Genetic Resources -- 3.7. Post-harvest Co-existence Issues -- 3.8. Conclusion -- References -- 4. Ex Ante Evaluation of Gene Flow in Oilseed Rape with Cropping System Models / N. Colbach -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Modelling Approach -- 4.3. Simulation Methodology -- 4.4. Perspectives -- References -- 5. Biological Containment Strategies for Transgenic Crops / K. Boutilier -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Auxotrophy -- 5.3. Inhibition of Flowering and Complete Sterility -- 5.4. Cleistogamy -- 5.5. Transgene Excision -- 5.6. Chloroplast Transformation -- 5.7. Male Sterility -- 5.8. Parthenocarpy -- 5.9. Apomixis -- 5.10. Reduced Shattering -- 5.11. Blocking Seed Germination -- 5.12. Inhibiting Seed Dormancy -- ^ 5.13. Transgenic Mitigation -- 5.14. Concluding Remarks -- References
• Note continued: 6. Long-Distance Pollen Flow in Large Fragmented Landscapes / X. Foueillassar -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Evidence for Long-distance Cross-pollination of Maize -- 6.3. Modelling Regional Pollen Transport -- 6.4. Model Evaluation -- 6.5. Simulated Regional Pollen Dispersal -- 6.6. Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- 7. Current and Future Availability of Non-Genetically Modified Soybean Seeds in the USA, Brazil and Argentina / J. Milanesi -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Global Overview of the Soybean and Soybean Seed Markets and Related Short-term Issues -- 7.3. Soybean Plant Breeding and Availability of Non-GM Soybean Seeds -- 7.4. Future of Non-GM Plant Breeding -- 7.5. Conclusion -- References -- pt. 3 Co-Existence in Food and Feed Supply Chains -- 8. Consumers' Opinions and Attitudes Towards Co-existence of GM and Non-GM Food Products / J.M. Gil -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Study Methodology -- 8.3. Literature Review Results -- 8.4. Consumer Survey Results -- 8.5. Conclusions -- References -- 9. Evaluation of Collection Strategies for Landscape and Product Flow Management / F. Angevin -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Evaluation of Co-Existence Management Strategies for Grain Merchants -- 9.3. Evaluation of Collection Strategies at the Landscape Level -- 9.4. Conclusion -- References -- 10. Empirical Analysis of Co-Existence in Commodity Supply Chains / R. Rocha dos Santos -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Framework -- 10.3. Methodology -- 10.4. Results -- 10.5. Conclusion -- References -- 11. Modelling and Assessing the Impacts of the Co Existence Between GM and non-GM Supply Chains: The Starch Maize Supply Chain Example / L.-G. Soler -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Material Flow and Risks of Commingling in the Starch Maize Supply Chain -- 11.3. Model Description -- 11.4. Sensitivity Analysis
• Note continued: 11.5. Results and Discussion -- 11.6. Conclusion -- References -- 12. Costs of Segregation and Traceability Between GM and Non-GM Supply Chains of Single Crop and Compound Food/Feed Products / A. Messean -- 12.1. Objectives -- 12.2. Introduction and Regulatory Framework -- 12.3. Methodology -- 12.4. Results -- 12.5. Conclusions -- References -- 13. Labelling and Co-Existence Regulation of GMOs and Non-GMOs: An Economic Perspective / S. Poret -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. To What Extent Do Consumers Value Non-GM Goods Over GM Goods and Why? -- 13.3. Labelling May Improve Welfare But Is Not A First-Rank Policy to Address Consumer Concerns -- 13.4. Externality Costs of Co-Existence Without A Co-existence Regulation -- 13.5. Co-Existence Regulation -- 13.6. Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- 14. Co-Existence and Traceability in Supply Chains: A Case Study on Belgian Compound Feed / M. Eeckhout -- 14.1. Compound Feed Production -- 14.2. Traceability and Segregation Systems -- 14.3. Other Costs and Benefits along the Supply Chain -- 14.4. Changing Strategies -- 14.5. Conclusion -- References -- pt. 4 Traceability and Controls in Food and Feed Supply Chains -- 15. GMO Sampling Strategies in Food and Feed Chains / B. Vrscaj -- 15.1. Introduction -- 15.2. EC Recommendation 2004/787: Methodologies, Applications and Limitations -- 15.3. Co-Extra Results for Different Scenarios of the Food and Feed Chain -- 15.4. Conclusion -- References -- 16. Harmonised Reference Genes and PCR Assays for GMO Quantification / D. Zhang -- 16.1. Introduction: Regulatory Framework on Reference Assays -- 16.2. Overview of Existing Reference Assays -- 16.3. Reliability Testing of Existing Reference Assays -- ^ 16.4. Harmonised Definitions, Terminology and Technical Criteria for Designing New Reference Assays
• Note continued: 16.5. Core Collections for Specificity, Uniformity and Stability Testing of Reference Assays for GMO Quantification -- 16.6. Conclusion -- References -- 17. Modular Approach in GMO Quality Control and Enforcement Support Systems / D. Zhang -- 17.1. Enforcing the Legal GMO Framework by Harmonised Control Analysis -- 17.2. Validation of GMO Test Methods: A Modular Versus a Global Approach -- 17.3. Co-Extra Assessment of the Modular Approach in GMO Analysis -- 17.4. Decision Support Systems (DSS) Within a Modular Approach -- 17.5. Modular Approaches and Enforcement Implementation -- 17.6. Conclusion -- References -- 18. Reliability and Cost of GMO Detection / J. Zel -- 18.1. Introduction -- 18.2. Accurate Determination of the Limit of Detection Associated with GMO Analysis -- 18.3. Improvements in the Limit of Quantification -- 18.4. Reliability of GMO Quantification -- 18.5. DNA Extraction from Highly Processed Matrixes -- 18.6. Evaluation of Alternative Chemistries in Real-time PCR -- 18.7. Evaluation of Different Machines for GMO Quantification by Real-time PCR -- 18.8. Evaluation of Automation Potential in GMO Detection -- 18.9. Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- 19. New Multiplexing Tools for Reliable GMO Detection / D. Wulff -- 19.1. Introduction -- 19.2. From Duplex to Oligoplex PCR -- 19.3. Non-PCR Methods -- 19.4. High Grade Multiplex Approaches -- 19.5. Conclusions -- References -- 20. Towards Detection of Unknown GMOs / M. Znidarsic -- 20.1. Introduction -- 20.2. Classifications of GMOs Relevant to Detection -- 10.3. Detection of GMOs -- A Short Review -- 20.4. Detection of Unauthorised GMOs -- 20.5. Detection of Unknown GMOs -- 20.6. Conclusion -- References -- 21. Method Validation and Reference Materials / S. Trapmann -- ^ 21.1. Concept of Validation -- 21.2. Single Laboratory Validation
• Note continued: 21.3. Collaborative Validation of Methods -- 21.4. Innovative Statistical Approaches for Method Validation -- 21.5. Modular Approach -- 21.6. Use of CRMs (Certified Reference Materials) and Possible Alternatives in View of Standardisation and Accreditation -- 21.7. Addressing the Compatibility of the Control Plans throughout the Chains -- 21.8. Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- pt. 5 Legal Regimes, Liability and Redress Issues -- 22. Liability and Redress Options for Damage Caused by GMOs / B.A. Koch -- 22.1. Introduction -- 22.2. Prevention of Future Harm -- 22.3. Redress for Damage -- 22.4. Outlook -- References -- 23. Legal Issues, an Overview on Co-Existence Policies: Technological Pluralism, Confidence Economy, Transnational Supply Chains / J.C. Varela -- 23.1. Introduction -- 23.2. Juridical Nature of Co-Existence Policy -- 23.3. Keypoints of Supply Chain Structuring -- 23.4. Import Supply Chains and GMOs -- 23.5. Liability System Adapted to a Controversial Technology -- 23.6. Conclusion -- References -- 24. Judge's Role Concerning Science in Precautionary Measures: A Shift from Guide to Arbitrator / C. Noiville -- 24.1. Introduction -- 24.2. Judge: A Guide to Administrative Action -- 24.3. Judges as Arbitrators of Scientific Assessments? -- 24.4. Conclusion -- References -- pt. 6 Data Integration and DSS -- 25. Co-Extra Decision Support System: A Model-Based Integration of Project Results / M. Znidarsic -- 25.1. Introduction -- 25.2. Approach and Methodology -- 25.3. Components of the Co-Extra DSS -- 25.4. Assessment of Analytical Methods -- 25.5. Assessment of Sampling Methods -- 25.6. Assessment of Products Using Traceability Data -- 25.7. Assessment of Processes -- 25.8. Database and Web-based Implementation -- 25.9. Conclusions -- References -- pt. 7 Related Issues
• Note continued: 26. Integration of Co-Extra Results in EU Tools for Traceability / D. Plan -- 26.1. Overview of EU Legislation on GMOs -- 26.2. Achievements in the EU Harmonisation of GMO Analysis -- 26.3. Challenges Ahead -- 26.4. Conclusion -- References -- 27. Labelling and Detection of GM Crops and Derived Products: Regulatory Frameworks and Research Issues in East Asia / M. Tachikawa -- 27.1. Introduction -- 27.2. People's Republic of China -- 27.3. Korea -- 27.4. Taiwan -- 27.5. Japan -- 27.6. Conclusion -- References -- 28. Maintaining a Supply of Non-GM Feed -- A Strategic Issue for European Regional Agriculture / R. Layadi -- 28.1. Introduction -- 28.2. GMO-free Regions Network -- 28.3. Feed Question: A Major Issue for Regional Agriculture -- 28.4. GMO-free Agriculture, a Vital Issue for Regions -- 28.5. Getting a Solid Strategic and Tactical Background: Lessons from the Cold War -- 28.6. Essential Question: Who Decides On the Definition of A Market? -- References -- 29. Geographical Approach to the European Policy for the Co-Existence of GMO and Non-GMO Crops / E. Glon -- 29.1. Introduction -- 29.2. EU Scenarios for the Co-Existence of GM and Non-GM Crops -- 29.3. Dedicated Areas -- A Geographical Analysis -- 29.4. Few Lines for Thought with Regard to Co-Existence in Territories -- 29.5. Conclusion -- References -- 30. Segregating Supply Chains: a Cost-Benefit Perspective / W.W. Wilson -- 30.1. Introduction -- 30.2. Social Benefits of Co-Existence -- 30.3. Consumer Valuation of GMO-free Foods -- 30.4. Background on Developments in North American Wheat -- 30.5. Costs of Segregating Wheat to Conform to EU Traceability Standards -- 30.6. Contract Mechanisms to Facilitate Co-Existence -- 30.7. Summary and Implications -- 30.8. Conclusion -- References
• Note continued: 31. Co-Existence and Traceability in the EU Versus IP Systems in Third Countries / R. Green -- 31.1. Introduction -- 31.2. Mercosur and Europe: Different But Complementary -- 31.3. GM Soybeans in Mercosur -- 31.4. Food Regulation -- 31.5. EU, Mercosur and Traceability -- 31.6. Contracts and Private Regulations -- 31.7. Third Party Certification Companies, the Key Players -- 31.8. Traders' Role -- 31.9. Final Considerations -- References -- pt. 8 Conclusion -- 32. GM and Non-GM Supply Chain Co-Existence and Traceability: Context and Perspectives / Y. Bertheau -- 32.1. Introduction -- 32.2. Background -- 32.3. Co-Existence -- 32.4. Traceability -- 32.5. Conclusion -- References.

ISBN

• 9781444337785
• 1444337785

LCCN

^^2012010718

OCLC

• 784708314
• SCSB-11822217

Owning Institutions

Harvard Library