Research Catalog

Title

Sample preparation techniques in analytical chemistry / edited by Somenath Mitra.

Publication

Hoboken, N.J. : J. Wiley, ©2003.

Items in the Library & Off-site

Details

Additional Authors

Mitra, S. (Somenath), 1959-

Description

xx, 458 pages : illustrations; 24 cm.

Summary

While even the best analytical techniques cannot rectify problems generated by sloppy sample preparation, this less "sexy" step between the point at which analytes are transferred from the sample matrix to a form suitable for analysis is often overlooked. With chapters ranging in content from the extraction of organic analytes from liquids and solids to post-extraction procedures and specific applications, Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry addresses all aspects of sample preparation and takes its place in scientific literature as the only text entirely devoted to teaching and reinforcing this crucial process._ Includes sample preconditioning methodology such as drying and homogenization. Discusses new ideas such as on-line coupling of extraction methodology such as GC and HPLC. Uses real-world examples in areas such as environmental and bio-analytical chemistry.

Series Statement

Chemical analysis ; v. 162

Uniform Title

Chemical analysis ; v. 162.

Subject

• Sampling
• Analytical chemistry > Methodology
• Analytical chemistry > Methodology
• Sampling
• Analytische Chemie
• Probenahme
• Probenvorbereitung

Note

• Includes index.

Bibliography (note)

• Includes bibliographical references and index.

Contents

• Chapter 1: Sample preparation : an analytical perspective / Somenath Mitra and Roman Brukh -- 1.1. The measurement process -- 1.1.1. Qualitative and quantitative analysis -- 1.1.2. Method of quantitation -- 1.2. Errors in quantitative analysis : accuracy and precision -- 1.2.1. Accuracy -- 1.2.2. Precision -- 1.2.3. Statistical aspects of sample preparation -- 1.3. Method performance and method validation -- 1.3.1. Sensitivity -- 1.3.2. Detection limit -- 1.3.3. Range of quantitation -- 1.3.4. Other important parameters -- 1.3.5. Method validation -- 1.4. Preservation of samples -- 1.4.1. Volatilization -- 1.4.2. Choice of proper containers -- 1.4.3. Absorption of gases from the atmosphere -- 1.4.4. Chemical changes- 1.4.5. Preservation of unstable solids -- 1.5 Postextraction procedures -- 1.5.1. Concentration of sample extracts -- 1.5.2. Sample cleanup -- 1.6. Quality assurance and quality control during sample preparation -- 1.6.1. Determination of accuracy and precision -- 1.6.2. Statistical control -- 1.6.3. Matrix control -- 1.6.4. Contamination control -- References -- Section A: Extraction and enrichment in sample preparation -- Chapter 2: Principles of extraction and the extraction of semivolatile organics from liquids / Martha J.M. Wells -- 2.1. Principles of extraction -- 2.1.1. Volatilization -- 2.1.2. Hydrophobicity -- 2.1.3. Acid-base equilibria -- 2.1.4. Distribution of hydrophobic ionogenic organic compounds -- 2.2. Liquid -- liquid extraction -- 2.2.1. Recovery -- 2.2.2. Methodology -- 2.2.3. Procedures -- 2.2.4. Recent advances in techniques -- 2.3. Liquid -- solid extraction -- 2.3.1. Sorption -- 2.4. Solid-phase extraction -- 2.4.1. Sorbents in SPE -- 2.4.2. Sorbent selection -- 2.4.3. Recovery -- 2.3.3. Methodology.
• 2.4.5. Procedures -- 2.4.6. Recent advances in SPE -- 2.5. Solid-phase microextraction -- 2.5.1. Sorbents -- 2.5.2. Sorbent selection -- 2.5.3. Methodology -- 2.5.4. Recent advances in techniques -- 2.6. Stir bar sorptive extraction -- 2.6.1. Sorbent and analyte recovery -- 2.6.2. Methodology -- 2.6.3. Recent advances in techniques -- 2.7. Method comparison -- References -- Chapter 3: Extraction of semivolatile organic compounds from solid matrices / Dawen Kou and Somenath Mitra -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.1.1. Extraction mechanism -- 3.1.2. Preextraction procedures -- 3.1.3. Postextraction procedures -- 3.2. Soxhlet and automated Soxhlet -- 3.2.1. Soxhlet extraction -- 3.2.2. Automated Soxhlet extraction -- 3.2.3. Comparison between Soxtec and Soxhlet -- 3.3. Ultrasonic extraction -- 3.3.1. Selected applications and comparison with Soxhlet -- 3.4 Supercritical fluid extraction -- 3.4.1. Theoretical considerations -- 3.4.2. Instrumentation -- 3.4.3. Operational procedures -- 3.4.4. Advantages/disadvantages and applications of SFE -- 3.5. Accelerated solvent extraction -- 3.5.1. Theoretical considerations -- 3.5.2. Instrumentation -- 3.5.3. Operational procedures -- 3.5.4. Process parameters -- 3.5.5. Advantages and applications of ASE -- 3.6. Microwave-assisted extraction -- 3.6.1. Theoretical considerations -- 3.6.2. Instrumentation -- 3.6.3. Procedures and advantages/disadvantages -- 3.6.4. Process parameters -- 3.6.5. Applications of MAE -- 3.7. Comparison of the various extraction techniques -- References -- Chapter 4: Extraction of volatile organic compounds from solids and liquids / Gregory C. Slack, Nicholas H. Snow, and Dawen Kou -- 4.1. Volatile organics and their analysis -- 4.2. Static headspace extraction -- 4.2.1. Sample preparation for static headspace extraction -- 4.2.2. Optimizing static headspace extraction efficiency and quantitation -- 4.2.3. Quantitative techniques in static headspace extraction -- 4.3. Dynamic headspace extraction or purge and trap -- 4.3.1. Instrumentation -- 4.3.2. Operational procedures in purge and trap -- 4.3.3. Interfacing purge and trap with GC -- 4.4. Solid-phase microextraction.
• 4.4.1. SPME method development for volatile organics -- 4.4.2. Choosing an SPME fiber coating -- 4.4.3. Optimizing extraction conditions -- 4.4.4. Optimizing SPME-GC injection -- 4.5. Liquid-liquid extraction with large-volume injection -- 4.5.1. Large-volume GC injection techniques -- 4.5.2. Liquid-liquid extraction for large-volume injection -- 4.6. Membrane extraction -- 4.6.1. Membranes and membrane modules -- 4.6.2. Membrane introduction mass spectrometry -- 4.6.3. Membrane extraction with gas chromatography -- 4.6.4. Optimization of membrane extraction -- 4.7. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Preparation of samples for metals analysis / Barbara B. Kebbekus -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Wet digestion methods -- 5.2.1. Acid digestion-wet ashing -- 5.2.2. Microwave digestion -- 5.2.3. Comparison of digestion methods -- 5.2.4. Pressure ashing -- 5.2.5. Wet ashing for soil samples -- 5.3. Dry ashing -- 5.3.1. Organic extraction of metals -- 5.3.2. Extraction with supercritical fluids -- 5.3.3. Ultrasonic sample preparation -- 5.4. Solid-phase extraction for preconcentration -- 5.5. Sample preparation for water samples -- 5.6. Precipitation methods -- 5.7. Preparation of sample slurries for direct AAS analysis -- 5.8. Hydride generation methods -- 5.9. Colorimetric methods -- 5.10. Metal speciation -- 5.10.1. Types of speciation -- 5.10.2. Speciation for soils and sediments -- 5.10.3. Sequential schemes for metals in soil or sediment -- 5.10.4. Speciation for metals in plant materials -- 5.10.5. Speciation of specific elements -- 5.11. Contamination during metal analysis -- 5.12. Safe handling of acids -- References -- Section B: Sample preparation for nucleic acid analysis -- Chapter 6: Sample preparation in DNA analysis / Satish Parimoo and Bhama Parimoo -- 6.1. DNA and its structure -- 6.1.1. Physical and chemical properties of DNA -- 6.1.2. Isolation of DNA -- 6.2. Isolation of DNA from bacteria -- 6.2.1. Phenol extraction and precipitation of DNA -- 6.2.2. Removal of contaminants from DNA -- 6.3. Isolation of plasmid DNA -- 6.3.1. Plasmid DNA preparation -- 6.3.2. Purification of plasmid DNA -- 6.4. Genomic DNA isolation from yeast.
• 6.5 DNA from mammalian tissues -- 6.5.1. Blood -- 6.5.2. Tissues and tissue culture cells -- 6.6. DNA from plant tissue -- 6.7. Isolation of very high molecular weight DNA -- 6.8. DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction -- 6.8.1. Starting a PCR reaction -- 6.8.2. Isolation of DNA from small real-world samples for PCR -- 6.9. Assessment of quality of quantitation of DNA -- 6.9.1. Precautions for preparing DNA -- 6.9.2. Assessment of concentration and quality -- 6.9.3. Storage of DNA -- References -- Chapter 7: Sample preparation in RNA analysis / Bhama Parimoo and Satish Parimoo -- 7.1. RNA : structure and properties -- 7.1.1. Types and location of various RNAs -- 7.2. RNA isolation : basic considerations -- 7.2.1. Methods of extraction and isolation of RNA -- 7.3. Phenol extraction and RNA recovery : basic principles -- 7.3.1. Examples of RNA isolation using phenol extraction -- 7.4. Guanidinium salt method -- 7.4.1. Examples of RNA isolation using guanidinium salts -- 7.5. Isolation of RNA from nuclear and cytoplasmic cellular fractions -- 7.6. Removal of DNA contamination from RNA -- 7.7. Fractionation of RNA using chromatography methods -- 7.7.1. Fractionation of small RNA by HPLC -- 7.7.2. mRNA isolation by affinity chromatography -- 7.8. Isolation of RNA from small numbers of cells -- 7.9. In vitro synthesis of RNA -- 7.10. Assessment of quality and quantitation of RNA -- 7.11. Storage of RNA -- References -- Chapter 8. Techniques for the extraction, isolation and purification of nucleic acids / Mahesh Karwa and Somenath Mitra -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Methods of cell lysis -- 8.2.1. Mechanical methods of cell lysis -- 8.2.2. Nonmechanical methods of cell lysis -- 8.3. Isolation of nucleic acids -- 8.3.1. Solvent extraction and precipitation -- 8.3.2 Membrane filtration -- 8.4. Chromatographic methods for the purification of nucleic acids -- 8.4.1. Size-exclusion chromatography -- 8.4.2. Anion-exchange chromatography -- 8.4.3. Solid-phase extraction -- 8.4.4. Affinity purification -- 8.5. Automated high-throughput DNA purification systems -- 8.6. Electrophoretic separation of nucleic acids.
• 8.6.1. Gel electrophoresis for nucleic acids purification -- 8.6.2. Techniques for the isolation of DNA from gels -- 8.7. Capillary electrophoresis for sequencing and sizing -- 8.8. Microfabricated devices for nucleic acids analysis -- 8.8.1. Sample preparation on microchips -- References -- Section C: Sample preparation in microscopy and spectroscopy -- Chapter 9: Sample preparation for microscope and spectroscopic characterization of solid surfaces and films / Sharmila M. Mukhopadhyay -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.1.1. Microscopy of solids -- 9.1.2. Spectroscopic techniques for solids -- 9.2. Sample preparation for microscopic evaluation -- 9.2.1. Sectioning and polishing -- 9.2.2. Chemical and thermal etching -- 9.2.3. Sample coating techniques -- 9.3. Specimen thinning for TEM analysis -- 9.3.1. Ion milling -- 9.3.2. Reactive ion techniques -- 9.3.3. Chemical polishing and electropolishing -- 9.3.4. Tripod polishing -- 9.3.5. Ultramicrotomy -- 9.3.6. Special techniques and variations -- 9.4. Summary : samples preparation for microscopy -- 9.5. Sample preparation for surface spectroscopy -- 9.5.1. Ion bombardment -- 9.5.2. Sample heating -- 9.5.3. In situ abrasion and scraping -- 9.5.4. In situ cleavage or fracture stage -- 9.5.5. Sample preparation/treatment options for in situ reaction studies -- 9.6. Summary : sample preparation for surface spectroscopy -- References -- Chapter 10: Surface enhancement by sample and substrate preparation techniques in Raman and infrared spectroscopy / Zafar Iqbal -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.1.1. Raman effect -- 10.1.2. Fundamentals of surface-enhanced Ramen spectroscopy -- 10.1.3. Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy -- 10.1.4. Fundamentals of surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy -- 10.2. Sample preparation for SERS -- 10.2.1. Electrochemical techniques -- 10.2.2. Vapor deposition and chemical preparation techniques -- 10.2.3. Colloidal sol techniques -- 10.2.4. Nanoparticle arrays and gratings -- 10.3. Sample preparation for SEIRA -- 10.4. Potential applications -- References.

ISBN

• 0471328456
• 9780471328452

LCCN

2003001379

OCLC

• ocm51518388
• 51518388
• SCSB-1321846

Owning Institutions

Princeton University Library