Research Catalog

Title

Learning and behavior / Paul Chance.

Author

Chance, Paul.

Publication

Belmont, Calif. : Wadsworth Pub. Co., ©1988.

Items in the Library & Off-site

Details

Description

xv, 330 pages : illustrations; 24 cm

Subject

• Conditioned response
• Learning, Psychology of
• Human behavior
• Learning
• Behavior
• Conditioning, Psychological
• Learning
• Réflexe conditionné
• Psychologie de l'apprentissage
• Comportement humain
• Apprentissage
• human behavior
• Human behavior
• Conditioned response
• Learning, Psychology of

Note

• Includes indexes.

Bibliography (note)

• Bibliography: p. [301]-318.

Contents

• Introduction: Learning to Change -- Natural Selection -- Box: The Face of Change -- Reflexes -- Fixed Action Patterns -- General Behavior Traits -- The Limits of Natural Selection -- Learning: Evolved Modifiability -- Nature and Nature -- Box: The Superior Animal -- The Study of Learning and Behavior -- Learning Defined -- Learning Means Change -- What Changes Is Behavior -- Box: Defining Operations -- What Changes Behavior Is Experience -- Measuring Learning -- Research Designs -- Anecdotal Evidence -- Descriptive Studies -- Experimental Studies -- Limitations of Experimental Research -- Animal Research and Human Learning -- Reasons for Animal Research -- Objections to Animal Research -- Questions About Learning -- Pavlovian Conditioning -- Box: Ivan Pavlov: An Experimenter from Head to Foot -- Basic Procedures -- Box: What's What in Pavlovian Conditioning? -- Higher-Order Conditioning -- Measuring Pavlovian Learning -- Variables Affecting Pavlovian Conditioning -- Pairing CS and US -- Box: Pavlovian Flowchart -- CS-US Contingency -- CS-US Contiguity -- Stimulus Features -- Prior Experience with CS and US -- Number of CS-US Pairings -- Intertrial Interval -- Other Variables -- Extinction of Conditional Responses -- Box: Edwin B. Twitmyer and What Might Have Been -- Theories of Conditioning -- Stimulus Substitution Theory -- Preparatory Response Theory -- Box: Conditioning and Awareness -- Pavlovian Applications -- Fear -- Box: Thank You, Albert -- Box: What Rats Can Teach Us About Fear -- Prejudice -- Advertising.
• Box: Bite Your Tongue! -- The Paraphilias -- Taste Aversions -- Box: Changing the Coyote's Menu -- Immune Function -- Operant Reinforcement -- Box: E. L. Thorndike: What the Occasion Demanded -- Basic Procedures -- Box: B. F. Skinner: The Darwin of Behavior Science -- Discrete Trial and Free Operant Procedures -- Operant and Pavlovian Learning Compared -- Primary and Secondary Reinforcers -- Shaping and Chaining -- Box: Tips for Shapers -- Variables Affecting Reinforcement -- Contingency -- Contiguity -- Reinforcer Characteristics -- Task Characteristics -- Deprivation Level -- Box: Octopi Individuality -- Other Variables -- Extinction of Reinforced Behavior -- Theories of Reinforcement -- Hull's Drive-Reduction Theory -- Relative Value Theory and the Premack Principle -- Response Deprivation Theory -- Theories of Avoidance -- Two-Process Theory -- One-Process Theory -- Operant Punishment -- Basic Procedures -- Box: Aversive Confusion: Positive Punishment and Negative Reinforcement Compared -- Variables Affecting Punishment -- Contingency -- Contiguity -- Punisher Intensity -- Introductory Level of Punishment -- Reinforcement of the Punished Behavior -- Alternative Sources of Reinforcement -- Deprivation Level -- Other Variables -- Theories of Punishment -- Two-Process Theory -- One-Process Theory -- Problems with Punishment -- Escape -- Aggression -- Apathy -- Abuse -- Imitation of the Punisher -- Alternatives to Punishment -- Response Prevention -- Extinction -- Differential Reinforcement.
• Noncontingent Reinforcement -- Operant Applications -- Animal Care and Training -- Box: Reinforcement Goes to the Dogs -- Self-Awareness -- Box: The Shaping of Awareness -- Self-Control -- Verbal Behavior -- Box: Rewarding Lies -- Insightful Problem Solving -- Creativity -- Superstition -- Box: Quick! Get Some Mud! -- Learned Helplessness -- Delusions and Hallucinations -- Self-Injurious Behavior -- Vicarious Learning -- Basic Procedures -- Vicarious Pavlovian Conditioning -- Vicarious Operant Learning -- Vicarious Learning Versus Imitation -- Generalized Imitation -- Variables Affecting Vicarious Learning -- Consequences of the Model's Behavior -- Consequences of the Observer's Behavior -- Characteristics of the Model -- Box: Vicarious Learning and Human Nature -- Observer's Age -- Observer's Learning History -- Box: The Venus Effect or, How Can I Learn Anything When You Look at Me with Those Big Brown Eyes? -- Other Variables -- Theories of Vicarious Learning -- Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory -- Miller-Dollard Reinforcement Theory -- Applications of Vicarious Learning -- Foraging -- Crime and Television -- Therapy for Phobia -- Generalization, Discrimination, and Stimulus Control -- Generalization -- Generalization Gradients -- Semantic Generalization -- Box: Generalized Therapy -- Generalization Following Extinction and Punishment -- Discrimination -- Discrimination Training -- Box: Worlds Apart: Punks and Skinheads -- Box: Lessons from Lepers -- Successive, Simultaneous, and MTS Procedures.
• Errorless Discrimination Training -- Differential Outcomes Effect -- Stimulus Control -- Box: Stimulus Control and Adaptation -- Theories of Generalization and Discrimination -- Pavlov's Theory -- Spence's Theory -- The Lashley-Wade Theory -- Applications of Generalization and Discrimination -- Concept Formation -- Mental Rotation -- Smoking Relapse -- Experimental Neuroses -- Schedules of Reinforcement -- Simple Schedules -- Continuous Reinforcement -- Fixed Ratio Schedules -- Variable Ratio Schedules -- Box: VR Harassment -- Fixed Interval Schedules -- Variable Interval Schedules -- Other Simple Schedules -- Stretching the Ratio -- Extinction -- Intermittent Reinforcement and the PRE -- Discrimination Hypothesis -- Frustration Hypothesis -- Sequential Hypothesis -- Response Unit Hypothesis -- Complex Schedules -- Choice and the Matching Law -- Box: Ghetto Choice -- Applications of Schedules -- Compulsive Gambling -- Experimental Economics -- Malingering -- The Importance of Schedules Research -- Forgetting -- Defining Forgetting -- Measuring Forgetting -- Box: The Myth of Permanent Memory -- Variables in Forgetting -- Degree of Learning -- Prior Learning -- Subsequent Learning -- Context -- Box: Reminiscence and the State of Learning -- Applied Research on Forgetting -- Foraging -- Eyewitness Testimony -- Learning to Remember -- Box: Say All Fast Minute Each Day Shuffle -- Overlearn -- Use Mnemonics -- Try a Mnemonic System -- Use Context Cues -- Use Prompts -- Box: The Man Who Couldn't Forget.
• A Final Word on Forgetting -- The Limits of Learning -- Physical Characteristics -- Nonheritability of Learned Behavior -- Heredity and Learning Ability -- Neurological Damage and Learning -- Box: Recipe for Genius -- Critical Periods -- Preparedness and Learning -- Box: Learning and Humanity.

ISBN

• 0534085083
• 9780534085087

LCCN

87015967

OCLC

• ocm16094173
• 16094173
• SCSB-1190441

Owning Institutions

Princeton University Library